[PDF] Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population. | Semantic Scholar (2024)

This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America aiming to create norms for the M-WCST and will have important implications for the future of neuropsychology in the region.

This study was the first to provide normative-adjusted tables for the M-WCST scores in Lebanon and showed a statistically significant effect of age and level of education on the M -WCST measures, whereas gender was not significant.

It was determined that gender was not significant for any sub-score and only age and education level from socio-demographic variables were included in the model, and norm values between 18-78 years of age were produced using RA.

The methodology utilized to obtain data and create norms for 10 Spanish-language neuropsychological tests administered in 11 Latin-American countries in a sample of 3,977 healthy individuals between the ages 18 and 90 was described.

The utility of the Modified Card Sorting Test in detecting executive dysfunction is supported and the importance of new scoring methods in increasing the specificity and interpretability of this task is highlighted.

Clinicians should consider the higher probability of low scores in a given individual when evaluating executive functions using various sets of scores to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits in a child.

The results suggest the importance of developing pediatric standards of cognitive performance that take environmental vulnerable conditions into consideration and provide relevant information for specific educational interventions and public health policies which will enhance vulnerable children and adolescent cognitive development.

This is the first study that provides the clinical, genetic, neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial characterization of a patient with the cobalamin D disorder, showing functional alterations in central nervous system motor tracts, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia that, as far as the authors know, have not been reported yet in vitamin B12-related disorders.

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This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America aiming to create norms for the M-WCST and will have important implications for the future of neuropsychology in the region.

This method allows determination of the specific variables that predict test scores, helps identify and control for collinearity of predictive variables, and generates continuous and more reliable norms than those of traditional methods.

The data suggest that a participant's performance on the MCST may be based essentially on two parameters: categorizing efficiency (orategorizing efficiency plus), measuring the participant's ability to categorize, and perseverative errors (or percent perseverativeerrors), measuring his or her difficulty in shifting, both considered typical executive functions.

The schizophrenia-prodrome in 22q11DS involves executive dysfunction, and longitudinal investigation is necessary to examine if specific executive function impairments precedes or co-occurs with the emergence of behavioural psychopathology.

This large dataset supports previous smaller scale studies and a systematic review which indicate poor cognitive flexibility in people with ED.

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